Saturday, March 2, 2013

Lithuania – Summary and analysis of the Ūkio Bankas scandal


The month of February saw Lithuania tossed by a whirlwind of revelations regarding Ūkio Bankas (AB Ūkio bankas), the country’s sixth-largest bank, which on 12 February had its license revoked by the Central Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos bankas) on the grounds of insolvency.

Regular readers of this column will have seen that on 5 November 2012 Ūkio Bankas stunned investors when it announced that it had spent 357 mln LTL (€ 103.4 mln) to buy out a struggling stadium-development firm, the Vilnius firm UAB “Žalgirio sporto arena”, at least partly in order to “avoid possible loan impairment losses”.  Readers will also have seen that on 25 January the management of the bank vehemently denied press reports that the bank was involved in money laundering, especially the purported laundering of fraudulent Russian tax rebates connected to the “Magnitsky case” of 2007.  And in what can now be understood in retrospect as a related development, readers here will have seen that during 2012 the commercial bank Šiaulių Bankas (AB „Šiaulių bankas“) reduced its loan portfolio and put this freed-up cash into available-for-sale securities, as though it foresaw a need for considerable liquidity approaching in the future.

Ūkio Bankas, originally founded in 1989 as Komercinis Pramonės Bankas (Commercial Industry Bank), is headquartered in Kaunas, Lithuania’s second largest city.  In 2004 Vladimir N. Romanov, a Russian-Lithuanian businessman who was one of the original founders of the bank, acquired a 7.2% stake in the bank, gradually increasing his stake until it reached 64.92% in April 2012.  With the ascent of Romanov at Ūkio Bankas the bank began to get involved in his one of his passions: the ownership of sporting teams and stadiums.

In 2004 the holding company Ūkio Bankas Investment Group (UAB „Ūkio banko investicinė grupė”, or more simply “ŪBIG”) acquired a 10.3% interest in the football team Heart of Midlothian F.C. (“Hearts”) in Edinburgh, Scotland.  (ŪBIG had originally been founded by Ūkio Bankas in 1998, but in 2002 the bank reduced its interest in ŪBIG from 37.53% to 13.34%, and in 2007 sold the rest of its shares.)

During 2005 ŪBIG increased its share in “Hearts” to 29.9%.  Then in December 2005 a subsidiary of ŪBIG named “Heart of Midlothian 2005” acquired a 51.78% share of the team, boosting ŪBIG’s control of the team to above 80%.  In subsequent years financial losses by the football club were made up by “Heart of Midlothian 2005” selling its shares to its parent company, ŪBIG.  In November 2010 ŪBIG’s control of the football club, whether directly or through “Heart of Midlothian 2005”, totaled 98.43%, which declined to 83.43% in 2011 when ŪBIG sold a 15% share to the firm Quantum Holding SA, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, of which Romanov’s niece, Julija Gončaruk, had recently been an officer.  (Julija Gončaruk, currently a Non-executive Director of the football club, is the daughter of Romanov’s sister Olga Gončaruk, who has been a member of the Supervisory Council of the bank since 2004 and as of October 2012 held 8,460,823 shares in the bank’s stock, equal to 2.4466% of the bank’s capital.  Olga Gončaruk holds a diploma in Philology from Vilnius University.)  In 2012 it was announced that from 27 October through 19 December the football club would be raising additional capital by selling to the public up to 16,325,000 ordinary shares of stock at 11 pence (0.11 GBP, or € 0.13) per share.

In addition to its football holding in Scotland, ŪBIG in 2009 bought a 75% stake in the financially struggling Kaunas basketball team Žalgiris (Kauno „Žalgiris“).

Sources:
Hearts: Share Offer 2012 (2012-10-29)
Notice of liquidation of Quantum Holding SA: La société est dissoute par décision de l’assemblée générale du 08.03.2010. (2010-03-10)
Acquisition of basketball team Kauno „Žalgiris“ by ŪBIG: Romanovas įsigijo Kauno Žalgirį (2009-05-05 21:01)


[To be completed in the near future.]


Mark Pleas
Eastern Europe Banking & Deposits Consultant